STUDY OF CARBON CHEMISTRY

Anniyyappa Umapathi^{* *}Correspondence: Anniyyappa Umapathi, Dr. MGR Educational Research Institute University, India, Email:

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Introduction

Carbon chemistry is so i m- portant that it has a whole branch of chemistry entir e- ly devoted to it organic chemistry. The number of compounds that contain carbon vastly exceeds all other compounds c ombined. This course explores how to teach about the special nature of carbon, some of the important classes of compounds it forms, and their most important reactions. It will help you to help your students understand how the complexity of these compounds leads to variation in molecular structures and spatial arrangements of atoms the topic of iso m- erism and how we can use a variety of methods to find out more about these structures. Topics that st u- dents traditionally find difficult, such as reaction me chanisms, are unpicked in detail, and resources are analysed to give concrete approaches for helping st u- dents in in the classroom.

After working through this course you will be able to:

• C onfidently teach about the key aspects of carbon chemistry.

• H elp stud ents understand and represent stru c- tures of carbon compounds;

• confidently teach students about functional groups, their main specific reactions and the principles that govern reactions involving carbon compounds;

• help students explain the factors that lead to variation in the physical properties of carbon co m pounds;

• confidently teach about organic synthesis and methods for determining the structures of ca r- bon co m pounds.

• Carbon (C) appears in the second row of the period c table and has four bonding electro ns in its valence shell see our Periodic Table module for more info r mation.

Similar to other non metals, carbon needs eight ele c- trons to satisfy its valence shell. Ca r bon therefore for ms four bonds with other atoms each bond consis t- ing of one of carbon's electrons and one of the bon d- ing atom's electrons . Every valence electron partic i- pates in bonding; thus, a carbon atom's bonds will be distributed evenly over the atom's su r face.

The second class of simple hydrocarbons, the a l kenes, consists of molecules t hat contain at least one double bonded carbon pair. Alkenes follow the same naming convention used for alkanes. A prefix (to d e scribe the number of carbon atoms) is combined with the ending "ene" to denote an alkene. Ethene, for e x ample is the two carbon m olecule that contains one double bond. The chemical formula for the simple alkenes follows the expression CnH2n. Because one of the carbon pairs is double bonded, simple alkenes have two fewer hydrogen atoms than alkanes.

In addition to carbon and hydrogen , hydrocarbons can also contain other elements. In fact, many common groups of atoms can occur within organic molecules, these groups of atoms are called functional groups. One good example is the hydroxyl functional group. A few professional and/or vital evaluations have tested international warming on the subject of the weight problems epidemic. However, none of them pe r- formed a complete systematic overview of the appl i- cable literature, and thus, their findings had been compromised with the aid of using a loss of represen t- ativeness and challenge to take a look.

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